четверг, 26 декабря 2019 г.

Play Instantly At Online Casino


How To Play Slots Online?

Play Instantly at Canadian Online Casions

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Registration

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Our mobile friendly casino is ready to provide you with a luxurious experience, and it’s all within the palm of your hands, literally! You can now have the same gambling experience wherever you go because our mobile casino is compatible with any type of tablet, mobile devices and operating systems.

Visit Gambling sites through Mobile 
We break boundaries, and that’s exactly what we did with our mobile casino. You’re in for one glorious ride, and all you have to do is follow these steps to start playing with mobile casino options.

Go to the Online Casino Home Page via your Mobile Device or Tablet.
Register a new account as you would if you we’re registering with your computer.
After creating your account, you will be directed to the banking page.

You can choose to make a deposit with your preferred payment method from our wide selection of payment methods.

Now that you’re all set, it’s time to play.

среда, 18 декабря 2019 г.

20 Free Spins No Deposit Bonus

One of the most popular online casino bonuses amongst players’ remains the always-dependable 20 free spins no deposit bonus. Slots have become increasingly popular over the years, and as a result slot players have won some of the biggest jackpots in casino history.

Being honest, when you play with a no deposit bonus like free spins, you need more than a bit of good luck on your side, you also need good gambling habits and skill too. Good habits can go a long way towards efficiently using your free spins, such as keeping a level head and spreading the risk out among many different titles. 

You should also fully read and understand the terms and conditions of both the website and the free spins no deposit required bonus in question.

Luckily, sites like freshcasinobonus.com guides you through the jungle of free spins deals, making the hard work for you, sot hat you can pick out the very best options.

After doing all the groundwork, you’ll be ready to put a free spins no deposit bonus to work.

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Free spins form no less than a portion of the very first deposit bonus in most casinos. In addition, there are free spins that take a deposit. Free spins bonuses arrive in a great deal of unique forms. Free spins and no deposit bonuses are among the most well-known method of attracting new on-line slot players to a casino since they provide players with the chance to check out the casino, especially the slots, and possibly win real money payouts which they can utilize to boost their bankroll. Notice that free spins without the should earn a deposit not only is a very good advertising tool for the casino websites. To begin with, there's the free spins bonus rewarded following the very first deposit.

Casino offers you free money to play, therefore it is reasonable that they ask you to play more in comparison to when playing on your own money. It's also true a significant number of brick-and-mortar casinos are opened for twenty-four hours per day, seven days per week, and that means you can choose the most appropriate time for your visit. Now, if you're already accustomed to how online casinos work, you most likely already understand what things to do to get started winning. 

The internet casino gives a completely free bonus on their new games. Some on-line casinos don't allow their clients to just join the VIP club, but they're invited to join. They provide large amounts of free spins to new casino players, while others have a little different twist where you get sales free spins. Most USA-friendly on-line casinos with downloadable games also have instant play browser-based games and mobile games which means that you may choose whichever platform you would like or suits your requirements.

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As you already know, you've got to earn a deposit before you are able to get them. You don't need to set a deposit down and you will get 25 spins just for registering on the website. Moreover, you are going to make your very first deposit somewhat easier. It's possible to secure no deposit free spins when you make an account in an internet casino. For this reason, you might have to earn a deposit sooner or later. For example, you will need to earn a deposit of twenty-five pounds to receive twenty-five spins on Starburst.

When it has to do with bonuses, you've got to give us credit for the offer we negotiate for your benefit. No deposit bonuses aren't the identical thing as playing with play money, as you've got the opportunity to really win something real. It's still more common to get free spins with the very first deposit bonus.

No deposit bonuses are incredibly popular with casino games enthusiasts. Besides free spins, they are very common as a part of a welcome offer at an online casino. After you have claimed your no deposit slots bonus, you're able to then use it in order to test out all of the different slots at your favorite casino.

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четверг, 12 декабря 2019 г.

5 Free Online Christmas Slots with no Download

Read our list of 5 Free Online Christmas Slots with no Download

The holiday spirit is everywhere we turn around. Cities all over the world are full of Christmas decorations and interesting events, people are more cheerful and busy planning family get-togethers and New Year’s parties.

Christmas is a great time for shopping too, as merchants don’t want to waste this opportunity to make the best possible deals for their customers. And the same goes for online casinos. Gamblers from all around the globe can look forward to even more generous promotions than they’re used to.

One-time Christmas offers and welcome packages we see these days will make your head spin. Still, this period might be the best for slot players. Not only that they can take advantage of numerous special casino promotions, but they can also play Christmas slot machines online and win amazing prizes. These slots are fun and well-made, so playing them is a real treat.

Our favorites Christmas slots are:

  • Merry Xmas by Play ‘N Go
  • Jingle Spin by NetEnt
  • Secret Santa by Microgaming
  • Merry Christmas by Playson
  • A Christmas Carol by BetSoft


вторник, 10 декабря 2019 г.

Vegas Play Casino Review

Vegas Play Casino Review

Vegas Play Casino Review Picture
Vegas Play Casino Website
One of the newest players to the online gaming world, VegasPlayCasino.com proudly announces the launch of an exciting and innovative new online casino software. Visit Vegas Play Casino for a great casino experience plus easy casino navigation and a good variety of new games.

Vegas Play Casino now enjoys the experience of a redesigned look and feel that is clean, simple and intuitive to use with instant play best and popular online slots, video poker and casino games and popular deposit methods.

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Vegas Play Casino Games

There’s a lot of variety, innovative and previously unseen slots games and a large selection of roulette and blackjack game variations. There is also a large array of classic slot machines and 3D video slots, as well as many video poker games. There is no need to download as Vegas Play Casino has instant flash games. This is a great option if you are a Linux user or if you would like to try out some of the games.

Using state of the art technology, the Vegas Play Casino software is simple, fast and easy to navigate, featuring 100+ instant play slots, video pokers and table game with great promotions and offers, including a generous match bonus based on a customer’s first three deposits.

Vegas Play Casino Payment Methods

Vegas Play Casino offers the safe, secure and reliable online banking methods, including, credit & debit card, Skrill, Neteller, Paysafecard and iDeal payment methods and a fast payout program.
Safety and fair play are values of utmost importance. The software and games are independently tested and receive approval from a certified Random Number Generator (RNG). Support is provided by an online team who will help you sign up and also with any inquires you may have.
Vegas Play Casino features Art of Games casino software and is licensed in Curacao.

Before, I wrote a big guide on F.A.Q. about gambling. Welcome to read it.

вторник, 26 ноября 2019 г.

Credit Repair Fast Solution For Gamlers

Ideas On How To Repair Your Credit Card Fast


The language echo although canyons from your Internet, "there isn't any credit repair quick fix". This would stop farther from the reality. If someone makes this won't of believing this you will be getting done yourself grave financial harm. Credit repair can, additionally, repair the errors relating to your credit report and dramatically build up your credit scores within a short amount of time. And in our present-day credit market environment this can mean a life enhancing difference throughout the monthly interest rate you could get on a mortgage, or just an auto loan, as well as in you skill to enjoy financing close to hand. Laptop or computer does it do this?

The Mystery of Credit Repair

Workplaces whenever a timely payment history meant that you incurred great credit. Will you be aghast to determine which this has stopped being true? In truth, it's very not very true the reason is quite possible to form every payment on-time physical fitness at a time as well as have a dismal credit score. And herein lays the mystery of credit repair. Home buying of reasoning credit are normally in the last. First try our new best 50 free spins no deposit review at Freshcasinobonus.com
Credit score optimization now swallows a virtual road map. How did this come about?

The ultimate of Wise practice Credit

The era of sound judgement credit begin its demise by the mid 1950s, when two then unknown researchers at Stanford University first conceived associated with a predictive type credit behavior. Their concept was which it would certainly be practical for prospective lenders to produce lending decisions based only with a numeric representation to the credit worthiness of an loan applicant. The two main researchers were engineer Bill Fair and mathematician Earl Isaac. The merchant they founded to cultivate their visionary algorithm was Fair Isaac Corp. together with world changing number they invented is named a the FICO score.

That's Predictive Model

The FICO score can prove to be perceived by consumers like a report card score, a grade reflecting products you can their financial responsibility. Wedding ceremony quite correct. The FICO score was organized to predict, specifically, your immediate future credit behavior found in a consumer. And future credit behavior is not such as a predictable continuum of past payment history. Surely so much more involved; and now it is within these details in which a credit repair professional is able to point you by way of the maze of obstacles at the goal of credit score optimization.

My FICO.com

Ought to you go to excellent Fair Isaac website there is many credit repair guidance let alone some worthwhile explanations for the mechanics about the FICO credit score formula. I recommend a thorough reading about the website for families considering starting a credit repair effort. Visitors the scoring model puts different weight on five discrete sets of data; 35 % of any score is reliant payment history, 30 percent on amounts owed, Fifteen percent on amount of credit history, Ten percent on new credit, and 10 % regarding sorts credit used. It's really somewhat helpful, a typical much unsaid. He're few highlights designed to assist your credit repair project.

Managing Your Credit Repair

If you're starting a credit repair effort you really should vow in order to late payments without exception. Model of so much more involved. Your credit score is relying on both bad and good particularly your credit report. It may be clear for you to tidy up the erroneous derogatory information, but as importantly, you have got to feed positive information to the credit bureaus month-to-month. Very important there are approximately two open revolving accounts. But be heedful, if you buy harmful variety revolving accounts, or manage them improperly (so i don't mean making late payments), your credit scores can plummet.

Good Credit Bad Credit

There is good revolving credit then there's bad revolving credit. Your credit repair success must rely on understanding this. All consumer credit, as well as store cards and furniture store loans are bad. You will not optimize your credit scores using this kind of debt. You would need mainstream credit cards; MasterCard, Visa, American Express, and Discover are winners. If you can't get approved for normal unsecured credit cards, get secured cards. They happen to be on the way of get therefore they can result in great credit repair tools, just try them right! Here's how.

See your Balance!

We noted above that FICO puts 30 % weight on amounts owed. Moreover put 15 % weight on ages of accounts. These details is all don't let you know is always that the amount owned on new accounts carries almost quantity weight of older seasoned account. This may cause for both an amazing credit repair opportunity using a potential credit repair land mine. So long as you max out completely new card one can lose a lot 150 points rrn your score, but keep that balance down, ideally under Twenty percent within the available credit line, and enjoy your scores lose. Good luck with your credit repair!

понедельник, 25 ноября 2019 г.

New Online Casino Website for Canadian Gamblers

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Freshcasinobonus.ca – casino reviews, casino bonuses, news, games and How-To Guides

понедельник, 18 ноября 2019 г.

F.A.Q. about gambling | All questions and answers about online casinos

FAQ about all gambling sites
Answers on frequently asked questions about online gambling
All questions about casino games, bonuses, registration etc.

I gathered popular questions about gambling. Read this list before you choose your favorite online casino. All this rules mostly actual for UK gamblign sites.

F.A.Q. about Registration

  • Why should I register?
We offer new and unique games! It is home to fantastic games that can’t be found anywhere else. Before playing our games for real money you need to register an account. Signing up is easy and completely free.
  • How do I register?
It’s so easy to join! From the main lobby click on ‘Log In logo’ and then on the “join now” button from here you should simply follow the on screen prompts.
  • Do I need to provide ID when opening an account?
We use the latest technology to perform necessary security and age verification checks – this means that in the vast majority of cases, we’re able to automatically verify your details. In the event that we’re unable to do this, we may ask you to provide relevant documentation to satisfy regulatory or legal requirements. These items can include, but are not limited to, passport, driving licence and utility bills. We may also need to ask for additional documents at a later date.
  • Is this site secure?
Your personal information is kept secure at all times. Your password is not visible to anyone including internal staff and should not be disclosed. If you feel that your information has been compromised please change your password and let Customer Support know as soon as possible.
We follow industry-wide best practice to keep your account safe by using the strictest processes to ensure that your details are stored securely and we have implemented strict data protection and storage policies as set down by and regulated by the Government of Gibraltar. These policies also meet UK and EU standards.
  • Why can’t I login?
You should ensure that you are entering the correct login details, should you enter these details incorrectly three times your account will be locked as a security precaution, in this case you will be required to contact us. In all cases please make a note of any messages you are receiving and contact our Customer Support team who will be able to assist you.
  • What if I have forgotten my password or username?
If you have forgotten your password or username please contact Customer Support and we will then take you through a simple but secure authentication process, before your details are re-issued.

Questions about Online Casino Bonuses 

  • What are bonus funds?
Bonus Funds are considered to be a second account balance although, bonus funds cannot be withdrawn, they are only withdrawable once converted to cash.
  • How can I spend my bonus funds?
Your bonus balance can be used the same way as cash on most of our games although it will be used after your cash balance. You should check the individual bonus terms to establish which games are allowed.
  • Can I withdraw my Bonus Balance?
Each bonus will have a required ‘turnover’ meaning that you must play the deposit and bonus funds through a certain number of times prior to withdrawal. Please note that not all games count as 100% of the required turnover, specific details can be found in the individual bonus offer terms and conditions.
If you attempt to make a withdrawal from your cash balance before you have completed your bonus funds required turnover, you will forfeit the remaining bonus balance on your account.
Please note that low risk wagers, or any low risk play strategy, which we might believe not to be in line with the spirit of the promotion will not count towards the turnover requirement i.e. bets that cover either red & black or odd & even.
  • Do all bets count towards required bonus turnover?
Not all bets placed will count 100% towards your turnover. Please refer to the bonus specific terms and conditions for full information.
  • What is your Welcome Bonus offer?
Full details of our current welcome bonus can be found here.
  • What is the minimum deposit to claim a bonus?
Each bonus like 100 free spins no deposit bonus has its own specific terms and conditions, that advise you of the required deposit amount. To claim our welcome offer you must deposit a minimum of £10.
  • Are bonus funds available to play with immediately?
Yes. As soon as your bonus has been credited in to your account it is available for you to play with although your cash balance will always be used before your bonus balance.
  • How much do I have to play to release the bonus?
Each bonus will have its own required ‘turnover’, meaning that you must play the deposit and bonus funds through a certain number of times prior to withdrawal. i.e. if you receive a £10 bonus that has a turnover requirement of 40 times you must wager £400 prior to requesting a withdrawal (£10×40=£400). Please note that not all games count as 100% of the required turnover, specific details can be found in the bonus offer terms and conditions.
  • How long is my bonus valid for?
Please refer to the bonus specific and general terms and conditions for full information, as validity periods may vary.

F.A.Q. about Account

  • How do I deposit money in to my account?
Once logged in, select the DEPOSIT option from the menu on the right side of the lobby. Select your preferred Payment Option, you will be asked to fill in the details for your required payment method, enter the amount you wish to deposit, and simply follow the instructions. Once completed the amount deposited will immediately show on your account and you can use it to play right away. All deposit options used MUST be in the name of the registered player and all transactions are made in GBP.
  • Are my payments safe?
Yes. We meet requirements set out by Visa, MasterCard and all major Ewallet providers including voucher based payment providers, ensuring that your financial information is safe and secure at all times. Furthermore all card transactions are processed by a global leader in online payments, providing a robust and secure payments system.
Your funds are held in a separate bank account to our company funds and we are not allowed by regulation to borrow money against it or put it at risk in any way.
  • Does it cost anything to make a deposit?
No. We don’t not charge you to make a deposit; the whole amount that you deposit with us will be added to your account balance. However we cannot be responsible for any charges that your bank or payment provider may levy.
  • How much can I deposit?
The minimum amount you can deposit in to your account is £5 (depend on casino). You are also able to set your own limits of how much you can deposit each day. The maximum amount that can be deposited in a 24 hour period is depends on your chosen payment option
  • What if my deposit fails?
If you are having difficulties in depositing, please confirm that the details you have provided are accurate and that you have the required funds available in your account. Our Customer Support team may be able to provide you with more details regarding your failed deposit; however in such cases we recommend that you either contact your bank or alternatively select a different payment method.
  • How do I use Ukash?
Find the nearest location that sells Ukash vouchers
Ask for a Ukash voucher: £15, £30, £50, £75, £100, £200
Get your 19-digit code
Use the code to credit your casino account, by accessing our cashier
Your code is valid for 12 months
Always Check the Ukash Terms and Conditions
Go to https://www.ukash.com/en-gb/ for further information
  • How do I use Skrill 1 Tap?
Register a Skrill account at https://www.skrill.com/en/
Deposit funds in to your skrill account.
Login to your casino account and select the cashier
You will see skrill 1 tap as a payment option, select this and the amount to deposit
Your casino account balance will be updated instantly
We recommend that you always check the Skrill terms and conditions
  • How can I withdraw my money?
You can make one withdrawal per 24 hours, when using debit or credit cards. For users of Ukash this is £200 per voucher, and for skrill 1 tap this is unlimited.
To make a withdrawal simply go to the menu on your account, click on transactions, and then the withdraw icon, insert your password and the amount that you wish to withdraw.
The minimum amount you can withdraw is £10, the maximum amount is outlined in the table above. When you make a withdrawal the money will immediately be deducted from your account balance. Please note that all withdrawals will be checked prior to processing and these checks can take up to 72 hours. In some instances our payments and fraud team may require additional time, or you may be required to provide identity verification documentation prior to the withdrawal, if this is the case you will be informed via email as soon as possible.
Transactions made using debit or credit cards can take up to 3-5 working days to clear with your card provider.
  • How do I change the payment method on my account?
In order to change your payment method, please go to deposit section on the right side of the lobby and then select other payment options if you encounter any difficulties please contact the Customer Support team.
Note that the AML rules state that depositing must be withdrawn to the same payment options
Is my information kept confidential?
All your information will be handled confidentially and will not be given or sold to any third party unless we are legally obliged or we have your express permission.
  • Can I open more than one account?
No. As your account contains personal and financial information relating to you, we only allow one account per person, because of this we do not allow sharing of an account with anyone else. We also reserve the right to immediately terminate multiple accounts if we believe they are being operated by the same person.
  • Why is my email address shown as already in use?
Because we only allow one account per person, and that we use your email address as part of the account authentication process, it can only be registered with us once. This means your email has already been used to set up an account.

F.A.Q. about popular casino games.


  • How do I know whether the games are fair?

Our table and slots games use a Random Number Generator (RNG), which randomly generates results. The randomness is closely and regularly monitored in-house by Nektan (Gibraltar) Ltd. experts and has been certified externally by a leading industry independent testing company. NMI is a reputable, internationally recognised, Accredited Testing Facility.

  • Where can I find my results?

You can also see a history of your games by visiting ‘your account’ area in the lobby. Here you will see a graphical representation of your last ten games along with a complete history of your transactions?

  • How do I claim my winnings?

Every time you win, your prize will automatically be credited into your account balance. You can withdraw this balance at any time so long as it is £10 or greater, and you have not made another withdrawal in the past 24 hours.

  • How much can I win?

Each game has its own table showing the relevant payout structure. Please select the Payout Table button on each game for full information.

Ok, dear readers! It was my list of popular questiona about gambling sites. For more info contact my g-mail: percymorleylinks

вторник, 29 октября 2019 г.

Effective Credit Card Usage

In the first place, the less you know about credit cards, the lots more likely you are to fall into credit card debts; it is easy to protect yourself against this by being knowledgeable when it comes to credit cards.

A tactic used by most credit card corporations who supply credit cards to students to see to it that payment of credit card bills is to get the parents of the student to co-sign the credit card application form as a safety measure. If you are not positive about how or what to fill in the online form of a selected credit card corporation, it is easy to download the form, study it as well as seek solutions to necessary questions with a view to get clarification.

Credit card processing machines are simply those machines that are equipped with verification in addition to validation software that enables them to confirm the personal info on a credit card once it is passed through them they are getting to be a steady feature everywhere at present, specifically in commercial centers. The joy of the credit card method is that it is gettable for every person I know, even you, no matter what wage or status; so do not panic when applying for a credit card.

It is possible to pay money for items you desire from the online shopping hunts with your credit card and have them brought at your home or office at no charge at all; can it be more convenient than this? If you are a business owner, it is expedient that you get a business credit card to pay for all your transactions associated with your business, as this will make it straightforward for you to trace your expenses.

Delays in receiving your credit card may stem from issues like, illegible writing on the application form, or failure on the part of an agent to deposit the form accurately. There is no such thing as the best credit offer; on the other hand, there is such a thing as which credit offer will perfectly suite your needs; unearthing this will surely give you access to a credit card you will entirely like.

At the last, it is unimportant what your situation is in the society; whether you are a student, worker, economic institution, one man business firm or a celebrity, credit cards are obtainable that match your precise requirements.

понедельник, 21 октября 2019 г.

The EU - A case for exit?

The EU - A case for exit?


There is however a serious economic argument involved in this issue and an argument that impacts on not only the economy but also individual businesses and the welfare of the country as a whole. To arrive at an informed decision on the future of the UK's relationship with Europe, we need to look at the costs and benefits gained from UK membership of the EU. Put simply, if the value of the benefits outweighs the costs then it would be worth the UK remaining in the EU and attempting to influence the debate on the future of Europe from within. There are those however, who believe that there are fundamental weaknesses with the EU and that the UK is getting a raw deal from our membership - that the costs of membership outweigh the benefits. These people are not necessarily 'anti-European' but do feel that the direction of the EU is becoming overtly political.
One critic of the direction in which the EU is headed is Professor Patrick Minford of Cardiff Business School. Professor Minford has not merely offered generalised arguments against the UK's membership of the EU but has used appropriate theory and quantitative analysis to highlight the costs to the UK of our continued membership. Professor Minford believes that the EU is putting too many restrictions on member states' economies by limiting the role of the free market in allocating resources efficiently. He believes that the UK has journeyed on a long and often painful road since the late seventies in terms of economic reforms and that the move towards the increased role of free markets in our economy has improved economic performance and overall welfare for UK citizens. The developments in Europe, according to Professor Minford, could put in jeopardy the hard won freedoms in the UK economy.
His conclusion, Europe needs to become more like the UK (in economic terms), or the UK might need to get out to preserve the benefits we have worked so hard to acquire in the past 25 years.

Theory

Professor Minford's arguments rest on a number of key points.
  1. The euro:
    1. Minford argues that the benefits claimed for membership of the euro are not as great as touted by supporters of the single currency. The key benefits are said to be price transparency and the reduction in transaction costs. Minford suggests that these transaction costs - the cost of changing sterling into euro - might amount to around £1 billion per year. He then points to the fact that to join the euro would involve UK businesses in all manner of changes to accommodate the new currency - tills, vending machines and the like. This amounts to an annualised figure of around £1.2 billion - it appears from his argument here that the cost of membership of the euro outweighs - albeit only marginally - the benefits.
    2. Secondly, joining the euro would, it is argued help expand trade as it would reduce the risk involved in trading in different currencies subject to market fluctuations. Minford points out that the UK trades with two main currency areas - the euro and the dollar and that the proportions are roughly half and half. He points to the relative volatility of the dollar against the euro since 1980. You may have spotted a weakness in the argument here - the euro was not around in 1980!

      Minford uses the deutschmark as a reasonable substitute for the euro up until 1999 given the dominance of that currency in world markets prior to the euro. His argument suggests that sterling remained relatively stable between the dollar and the euro during that time and as such highlights the potential danger to the UK of exchange rate volatility, assuming we had been part of the euro since its inception. Since half our trade is with the dollar area, the UK would have suffered from such volatility. He estimates the cost of joining the euro could impact on the average volatility of the UK exchange rate.
    3. Thirdly, the idea of transparency of prices. Minford uses the car industry as an example and argues that it is not exchange rates that can be blamed for higher car prices in the UK than elsewhere in Europe but rather structural differences in the car industry and in the behaviour of car manufacturers and dealers. Joining the euro therefore would not lead to prices of cars in the UK falling to European levels. This effectively destroys the argument over transparency per se!
  2. Monetary Policy:
    Minford argues strongly that the necessity of the UK retaining its control over its monetary policy and its interest rate is vital if the country is to set a rate that suits its own economic needs rather than having to put up with a rate that is a 'one size fits all'. There might be considerable costs in terms of economic growth, unemployment and inflation as a result of giving up the UK's control of monetary policy to the European Central Bank, particularly since the economic cycle of the UK is more closely related to the US than Europe. Minford estimates that the likelihood of getting dragged into a 'boom and bust' cycle would increase by around 75%!
  3. The Labour Market:
    Minford suggests that measures taken by the EU to regulate the labour market - through such things as increased trade union powers, the minimum wage, and employer costs - could have effects on employment and output. If reversals were made to the legislation on trade union power as implied by the new Constitution, the effect on output could be anything between -3% and -5.8% depending on the degree to which the legislation was reversed with unemployment rising by between 400,000 and 1.3 million. Combinations of policies such as those highlighted above could reduce output by between 9% and 20%!
  4. The Pensions Crisis:
    Minford points to the problems facing France, Italy and Germany in meeting their pensions responsibilities in the years to come. The problem is basically raising enough revenue in taxes to meet pension payments for a growing elderly population. Minford points to OECD estimates of a deficit of 8%, 11% and 10% of GDP respectively! Minford suggests that part of the burden of meeting this pensions crisis could fall on the UK taxpayer. Minford suggests that the deficit is as much as one-third of the UK GDP and as such even a small burden on the UK taxpayer would be a substantial cost to the UK as a whole.
  5. Trade distortions:
    Over the years the importance of manufacturing in the UK has declined; we now have a far greater proportion of our exports in the form of services and import a greater proportion of manufactured goods. The regime of subsidies and protection given to EU manufacturers effectively means that the UK, as a net importer of manufacturers, pays a higher price for its manufactured products from the EU. Professor Minford suggests that figures indicate consumer prices for some foodstuffs could be as high as 50% above the world price, whilst prices for business equipment and consumer manufactures could be 60% above world prices. This could be counterbalanced by the benefits from being able to sell our services to Europe but they are not subject to the same level of protection and as such the UK loses out. Minford estimates the cost to be approximately 2% of GDP. The diagram below demonstrates the problem.


    If the UK bought its manufactured goods from outside the EU it would pay the world price. However, in buying its manufactured goods from the EU it pays the protected price, supply of manufactures from the EU will rise whereas demand will fall at the higher protected price. The reductions in producer and consumer surplus (regions a and b respectively) along with the tax revenue collected by the European government which may not find its way back to the UK (area c) represents 2% of GDP.
When you take into account all these factors, Minford believes that the UK suffers from its membership of the EU. If the EU were to change and adopt a greater degree of free market policies then he believes that there could be benefits for the UK and for all other members. While EU policy making is dominated by those who are seeking to place more restrictions on markets rather than encouraging a greater degree of free-market activity and competition within the EU the problems facing the UK will get worse.
Is the EU likely to take on board the lessons learned by the UK economy or will they expect the UK to become more in tune with the philosophy of the current EU? Minford does not hold out much hope for the former and as such, Mr Blair might well have triggered the first steps in a movement that sees the UK moving away from Europe. In a curious twist of fate, the constitution might well deliver the outcome that Minford and others who support free markets are seeking!